Quick Dive: Conduction system pacing

 

In our "Quick Dive" series, the authors of publications from medical societies summarise the most important information and results of the respective publication. This time we dive into:

 

Indications for conduction system pacing

European Society of Cardiology (ESC) clinical consensus statement on indications for conduction system pacing, with special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association of the ESC and endorsed by the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, the Canadian Heart Rhythm Society, the Heart Rhythm Society, and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society

30 March 2025 | Written by: Michael Glikson (FESC), Haran Burri (FEHRA, FESC), Amr Abdin, Oscar Cano, Karol Curila, Jan De Pooter, Juan C Diaz, Inga Drossart, Weijian Huang, Carsten W Israel, Marek Jastrzębski, Jacqueline Joza, Jarkko Karvonen, Daniel Keene, Christophe Leclercq (FESC, FEHRA), Wilfried Mullens, Margarida Pujol-Lopez, Archana Rao, Kevin Vernooy (FESC, FEHRA), Pugazhendhi Vijayaraman, Francesco Zanon, Yoav Michowitz, Jens Cosedis Nielsen, Lucas Boersma, Carina Blomström-Lundqvist, Mads Brix Kronborg, Mina K Chung, Hung Fat Tse, Habib Rehman Khan, Francisco Leyva, Ulises Rojel-Martinez, Marcin Ruciński, Niraj Varma


By:

Martin Nölke

HERZMEDIZIN editorial team

 

2025-10-02

 

Image source (image above): vovan / Shutterstock.com (edited)

4 questions for the co-authors

PD Dr. Amr Abdin, University Hospital Saarland, Germany

PD Dr. Carsten Israel, University Hospital Bielefeld, Germany

 

What is the reason for and aim of the publication?

 

Conduction system pacing (CSP) is gaining rapid acceptance as a more physiological alternative to right ventricular pacing (RVP) in patients with atrioventricular (AV) block, and in selected heart failure (HF) patients with conduction disease, as a potential substitute for biventricular cardiac resynchronization therapy (BiV-CRT). Since the 2021 guidelines, CSP use has expanded significantly, particularly with left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP). The latest Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) guidelines on physiological pacing have broadened CSP indications, reflecting both growing clinical evidence and international expert consensus. In Europe, practice has advanced rapidly, prompting the need to harmonize pacing and resynchronization recommendations with current practice.


This document is the product of a collaborative effort by the ESC and EHRA, together with EHRA’s partner organizations: the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), Canadian Heart Rhythm Society (CHRS), HRS, and Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS). Following ESC and EHRA standards for evidence assessment, it provides updated recommendations on when CSP should be considered. According to ESC standards, there cannot be a focused update of the current guidelines on pacing in the absence of new results of randomized trials. Therefore, the format of an expert consensus statement was used.

 

What are the most important take-home messages?

 

  1. Training: CSP implantation should only be performed by physicians who have received dedicated training and developed the necessary skills to ensure the procedure is carried out safely and effectively.
  2. AV block: In patients with AV block, it may be appropriate to use CSP regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) or the expected percentage of ventricular pacing.
  3. Heart failure with LBBB: In patients with heart failure symptoms, left bundle branch block (QRS ≥130 ms), and LVEF ≤35%, CSP-CRT may be considered to improve LVEF, exercise tolerance, symptoms, and to reduce hospitalizations.
  4. Pacing-induced cardiomyopathy or non-responders to BiV-CRT: For patients who develop pacing-induced cardiomyopathy or show no response to BiV-CRT, upgrading to CSP can help improve LVEF and heart failure symptoms.
  5. Failed coronary sinus lead implantation: In candidates for BiV-CRT where coronary sinus lead implantation is unsuccessful, CSP should be considered as a rescue option.
  6. Specific patient groups: In individuals where a simpler device strategy is desirable (e.g., frail patients, those with limited life expectancy, or those needing a smaller device/less leads), CSP may be preferred over BiV-CRT as a primary approach, provided the operator has sufficient expertise.

 

What are challenges in practical implementation – and possible solutions?

 

Training and experience: CSP requires specific technical skills that are not yet widespread available, increasing procedural difficulty and complication risk. Structured training, mentorship, simulation-based practice, and stepwise adoption – starting with simpler cases – can address this gap.


Patient selection: Identifying candidates who will benefit most, such as those with AV block, HF with LBBB, or pacing-induced cardiomyopathy, can be complex. Clear institutional protocols and multidisciplinary case discussions can improve selection.

 

What further developments on the topic are emerging?

 

As CSP continues to gain momentum, several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are currently underway. Smaller to mid-sized studies are expected to report results soon, while larger trials with hard clinical endpoints are projected to conclude by the end of the decade. The findings from these studies could substantially shape future pacing guidelines and influence the broader adoption of CSP across diverse patient populations.


Despite its growing use, many aspects of CSP implantation remain areas for improvement. Current pacing leads were originally designed for conventional endocardial sites, raising questions about their long-term performance in CSP. Data on the safety and feasibility of extracting CSP leads, particularly those for LBBAP, with long dwell times, remain limited.


Furthermore, evidence on CSP in specific populations – such as children, patients with complex congenital heart disease, or those with genetic disorders or sarcoidosis – is scarce. Expanded data collection and dedicated studies in these groups will be essential to guide safe and effective CSP implementation in the future.

Continue to the publication:

Clinical consensus statement: Indications for conduction system pacing

Glikson M, Burri H, Abdin A et al. uropean Society of Cardiology (ESC) clinical consensus statement on indications for conduction system pacing, with special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association of the ESC and endorsed by the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, the Canadian Heart Rhythm Society, the Heart Rhythm Society, and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society, EP Europace, Volume 27, Issue 4, April 2025, euaf050, https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euaf050

About the author

PD Dr. Amr Abdin

PD Dr. Amr Abdin is Senior Physician and Co-Director of Device Therapy at the Department of Internal Medicine III, Saarland University Medical Center (UKS) in Germany. He gained extensive experience in internal medicine and cardiology working in Damascus and in Germany. Since 2019, he has served as Chairman of the Syrian National Heart Failure Working Group.

PD Dr. Amr Abdin

About the author

PD Dr. Carsten Israel

PD Dr. Carsten Israel is Head of the Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology at Evangelisches Klinikum Bethel (EvKB) in Bielefeld, Germany. His expertise focuses on cardiac arrhythmias. He is Editor-in-Chief of the journal Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie, a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology (PACE), and Associate Editor of EUROPACE.

PD Dr. Carsten Israel

ESC Document types

Document types published by the ESC, Associations, Councils, Working Groups, and ESC Committees (according to the ESC Scientific Documents Policy):

ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines present the official ESC position on key topics in cardiovascular medicine. They are based on the assessment of published evidence and consensus by an independent group of experts. The documents include standardized, graded recommendations for clinical practice and indicate the level of supporting evidence.

ESC Pocket Guidelines provide a compact, practice-oriented summary of the full guideline, including all recommendation classes and levels of evidence.

Clinical Consensus Statements provide guidance for clinical management on topics not covered or not covered in sufficient detail in existing or upcoming ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines by evaluating scientific evidence or exploring expert consensus in a structured way. 

Scientific Consensus Statements interpret scientific evidence and provide a summary position on the topic without specific advice for clinical practice.

Statements outline and convey the organisation’s position or policy on non-medical issues such as education, advocacy and ethical considerations.

ESC Quality Indicators enable healthcare providers to develop valid and feasible metrics to measure and improve the quality of cardiovascular care and describe, in a specific clinical situation, aspects of the process of care that are recommended (or not recommended) to be performed.

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